Policy Imperatives for African Science, Technology and Innovation: An Analysis of Namibia and South Africa

The potential that Africa holds in contributing to globally competitive knowledge generation is undeniable. The challenges however, remain insurmountable to ensure that prioritised initiatives are implemented and realised. The issue of science, technology and innovation (STI) interventions as critical enablers could transform the overall socio-economic conditions immensely. These STI interventions need attention beyond policy formulation but should place more emphasis on implementation. This paper considers the applicability of African Union’s Science, Technology and Innovation Strategy for Africa (STISA) 2024 policy framework on Namibia and South Africa. A Critical Theory perspective is employed as a theoretical approach to the discourse to offer a scholarly reflection on public policy initiatives which relate to STI for Namibia and South Africa. It is clear that adhering to the 1% threshold recommended by the AU policy STISA 2024 remains a difficult task to achieve. In the case of Namibia, its STI system requires time to mature and strengthen its institutional capacity. For South Africa, it is necessary to ensure that STI policy is able to broaden involvement for marginalised communities in rural and peri-urban spaces. The paper concludes with a consolidation of key features of the discourse as embedded in the Critical Theory for STI interventions. The essence is to maintain societal interest and ensure that new value systems on STI are embraced and maintained.

Keywords: Critical theory, Innovation, Namibia, Policy, Science, Societal interest, South Africa, Targets., Technology.